How do Chinese elderly perceive their children‘s filial piety in the context of rapidly ageing population and changing families in the first decade of 21st century? What are the factors affecting their perceptions? This paper aims to answer these questions by analyzing the data of China National Survey on Urban and Rural Elderly in 2000 and 2010 conducted by China Research Centre on Ageing． Results show that the proportion of the older people who perceive their children to be filial increased between 2000-2010． Similar trends are observed both over time and across cohort． The major determinants for the older parents perceiving their children's filial piety are children's filial behaviors and parents’ health status． Contrary to the traditional values such as "more children more happiness" and " raising children to protect against the old age"，an important finding from this research is that the elderly people having daughters and fewer children give more positive perceptions on their children's filial piety．